SPERMIDINE

Spermidine is a latest generation active ingredient selected appropriately to intervene naturally by lengthening the ANAGEN phase of the hair.

Spermidine is a polyamine compound found in a wide range of foods, such as in wheat germs, whole grains, aged cheeses, broccoli, cauliflower, green peppers, mushrooms, fermented soybeans,…

Its particular name comes from the fact that it was first isolated from sperm, but the gut microbiota also represents another source of spermidine synthesis within our bodies.

Spermidine intervenes in the metabolic control of cells, participating in numerous functions within the human body-in fact, it seems important for:

• Protection from oxidative stress;
• The anti-inflammatory action;
• proteostasis (helps to maintain normal functional levels of proteins necessary for the performance of cellular functions);
• cellular homeostasis, regulating cell growth, proliferation and death;
• DNA and RNA stabilization;
• Preserving mitochondrial function;
• Preventing stem cell senescence.

Spermidine has been shown to promote elongation of the ANAGEN phase of the hair. In addition, direct activity on stem cells leading to hair growth is also detected.

A study of 100 healthy people showed that spermidine prolonged the active hair growth phase called “ANAGEN PHASE” after 3 months of treatment. The longer a hair follicle remains in the anagen phase, the longer it will grow .

Other studies show the effectiveness of spermidine in the treatment of Telogen Effluvium.

L-CISTINA

Cystine is a key amino acid for the synthesis of keratin and all the proteins that form nails and hair. L-Cystine is the sulfur amino acid with the highest molecular weight and sulfur content.

Cystine is produced by the oxidation of two Cysteine molecules and has a very stable S-S bond (disulfide bridge): this confers strength and robustness to hair keratin. L-Cystine also protects the hair follicle from the damaging and irreversible action of free radicals.

L-Cystine is therefore essential for the keratinization process and is present in large amounts in the outer layer of the hair cuticle.

A diet low in cystine decreases the production of hair tissue.

L-Cystine can physiologically accelerate hair growth and can be considered a keratolator-that is, it can naturally regulate the maintenance of the tertiary structure of keratin throughout the year and even more so at the time of seasonal hair loss.

Cystine also has an important role, given its high antioxidant power, in physiologically preserving hair pigmentation (coloration).

LACTOFERRIN

Lactoferrin is a protein found in cow’s milk and shown to have strong affinity for iron since it has within it two binding sites for the ferric ion (Fe3+)

Numerous studies have highlighted the close correlation between insufficient amounts of iron and Telogen Effluvium especially in women who for physiological reasons are often prone to severe iron deficiency.

The negative effects related to iron insufficiency may be attributable to impaired oxygen transport to the tissues, or to a deficiency of iron-containing compounds, such as precisely lactoferrin. It should be emphasized that ferritin levels, and therefore also iron levels, are higher in cells that are already differentiated or otherwise not dividing, while they are lower in proliferating cells such as precisely the hair follicle matrix cells so for the proper functioning of the latter, it is crucial to ensure the necessary iron reserve.

Scientific studies show that values below 70 ng/ml of ferritin can cause disruption of the follicular cycle, and other recent studies have pointed out that iron and ferritin homeostasis also play a key role in the proper absorption of vitamin D, which is also important in regulating the follicular cycle.

Lactoferrin taken within a nutraceutical is therefore useful in stimulating the dermal papilla and controlling follicle trophism.

L-ARGININE

L-Arginine is the levorotatory form of a semi-essential amino acid of fundamental importance to our body’s biological processes.

L-Arginine physiologically releases nitric oxide into the bloodstream, which, through peripheral vasodilation, promotes blood flow in the tissues and especially in the hair follicle district.

The intake of L-Arginine through the intake of Restax Pre Effluvium, promotes the stimulation of microcirculation and thus the supply of micronutrients that improve hair health.

In fact, products containing L-Arginine are known to reduce the factors that cause poor follicle trophism, which results in hair weakening, thinning, and subsequent hair loss.

L-Arginine deficiency is found in those on meat-poor diets.

CARNITINE

Carnitine is crucial for energy production, as it regulates the metabolism of living cells not only by transporting fatty acids into the mitochondrion, but also by performing other tasks within the physiological processes of living organisms.

In trichology, early studies on hair follicle metabolism confirm that carnitine can decrease inflammation and free radicals, which are directly involved in trichological disorders. In fact, carnitine acts as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant at the level of the hair follicle. It also represses gene expression of LPS, a lipopolysaccharide marker of the metabolic pathway in the development of inflammation at the follicular level of the pro-inflammatory cytokines CCL17, CXCL6, LTB.

Carnitine also physically modulates apoptosis (programmed cell death) of hair follicle keratin cells and is able to maintain efficient CATAGEN phase of the hair cycle

Specific studies on carnitine and baldness have been carried out by the Department of Dermatology at the University of Hamburg (Foitzik 2007) and Advanced Restoration Technologies in Phoenix (USA, 2009).

Having a side-effect-free nutrient that can be beneficial to the metabolic balance of the body and the hair cycle has become a new tool for preventing scalp disorders.

MELOGRANO

Pomegranate fruit is rich in vitamin A, vitamin C, fructose and minerals. Especially the pomegranate apple contains nonvitamin antioxidants of a phenolic nature such as Punicalagins and Ellagic Acid that counteract free radicals responsible for cellular aging. In practice, pomegranate acts as a radical scavenger against free radicals, which are detrimental to normal hair follicle activity. Thus, pomegranate has an interesting anti-inflammatory and antioxidant action targeted for skin and hair.

VITAMIN B12

Vitamin B12 is necessary for the metabolism of amino acids, nucleic acids and together with FOLIC ACID, it assists in the synthesis of DNA and RNA and fatty acids. Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid are essential in the production of red blood cells responsible for oxygen transport in tissues and even more so in the hair follicle, which needs oxygenation to carry out its normal activity for the hair cycle. In cases of vitamin B12 deficiency, it is possible to observe a tendency for hair shaft hair loss and diameter reduction.

ZINC, COPPER and SELENIUM.

Zinc, Selenium and Copper are essential trace elements for normal immune system function and physiological maintenance of hair quality. They neutralize free radicals and especially they act by promoting the maintenance of the tertiary structure of keratin.